金属切削液技术的研究进展及发展现状

罗秀玉, 肖绍文, 占稳, 李英朋

doi:10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2025.0037

材料保护 >

2025 , Vol. 58 >Issue 3: 1 - 15

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2025.0037

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金属切削液技术的研究进展及发展现状

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¹福建水利电力职业技术学院； ²中国机械总院集团海西(福建)分院有限公司

李英朋(1996－)，硕士，主要研究方向为材料表面处理技术，E-mail: nchulyp＠163.com

收稿日期: 2024-09-04

修回日期: 2024-10-09

录用日期: 2024-10-13

网络出版日期: 2025-04-16

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(52075391)资助

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Research Progress and Current Status of Metal Cutting Fluid Technology

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(1.Fujian College of Water Conservancy and Electric Power， Yongan 641836， China；2.Haixi (Fujian) Institute， China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group， Sanmin 365500， China)

LI Yingpeng(1996－)， Master， Research Focus: Material Surface Treatment Technology， E-mail: nchulyp＠163.com

Received date: 2024-09-04

Revised date: 2024-10-09

Accepted date: 2024-10-13

Online published: 2025-04-16

Supported by

General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075391)

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摘要

近年来，随着新能源汽车、航空航天、高端装备制造等行业的快速发展和人工智能、大数据等技术的融合应用，工业母机将向更高程度的高端化、智能化和绿色化迈进。切削液是金属切削过程中实现高效、精密及低成本的必要条件，而随着机械制造业的快速发展，传统切削液的低使役性能与核心零部件高质量制造需求间的矛盾日益凸显；另一方面，切削液的绿色应用和安全处置也已成为制约行业绿色化发展的绊脚石。因此，解决传统切削液的系列问题是整个机械制造业和环保领域面临的重大研究课题。本文以传统切削液存在的局限性为切入点，从环保、经济和功能型3 个维度对现阶段切削液的研究进行整理，综述了相关润滑冷却机理、工艺效果和参数优化的最新研究进展，分析了不同切削液的优劣势及其在发展过程中存在的问题。最终从工业实际应用角度出发，对金属切削液进行了展望，为实现我国切削液技术向功能化和绿色化的国产替代提供了理论思路和研究方向。

关键词： 切削液; 润滑; 冷却; 作用机理; 可持续发展

本文引用格式

罗秀玉, 肖绍文, 占稳, 李英朋 . 金属切削液技术的研究进展及发展现状[J]. 材料保护, 2025 , 58(3) : 1 -15 . DOI: 10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2025.0037

Abstract

In recent years， with the rapid development of industries such as new energy vehicles， aerospace， and high-end equipment manufacturing， along with the integration of technologies like artificial intelligence and big data， machine tools are advancing toward higher levels of high-end，intelligent，and green technologies.Cutting fluids are essential for achieving efficient，precise，and low-cost metal cutting processes.However， with the rapid growth of the machinery manufacturing industry， the conflict between the low performance of traditional cutting fluids and the high-quality manufacturing requirements of core components has become increasingly evident.On the other hand， the green application and safe disposal of cutting fluids have become major obstacles to the green development of the industry.Therefore， addressing the series of issues associated with traditional cutting fluids is a critical research topic faced by both the machinery manufacturing industry and the environmental protection field.This paper took the limitations of traditional cutting fluids as the starting point， and organized the current research on cutting fluids from three dimensions: environmental protection， economy， and functionality.The latest research progress on lubrication and cooling mechanisms， process effects， and parameter optimization was reviewed， and the advantages and disadvantages of different cutting fluids， along with the issues encountered during their development， were analyzed.Finally， from the perspective of industrial practical applications， the paper provided an outlook on metal cutting fluids and offered theoretical insights and research directions for the functionalization and greenization of cutting fluid technology， aiming to promote the domestic substitution of cutting fluid technologies in China.

Key words： cutting fluid; lubrication; cooling; mechanism of action; sustainable development

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