With the rapid development of information technology and the increasing integration of electronic devices，the thermal management performance of electronic packaging materials faces higher requirements.Diamond/copper composites have attracted considerable attention due to their potential high thermal conductivity.However，their thermal conductivity has not met expectations owing to poor interfacial wettability and significant interfacial phonon mismatch.This paper summarized the latest research progress on diamond/copper interfacial thermal conductivity in recent years，focused on discussing the effects of improving interfacial bonding and reducing interfacial carrier mismatch on interfacial thermal conductivity and the interfacial hot carrier transport mechanism，and gave an outlook on the future research and fabrication of diamond/copper composites.

The utilization of active mineral admixtures as supplementary cementitious materials to partially replace cement not only aligns with the green and low-carbon development philosophy of the civil engineering and construction industry，but also represents a critical pathway for optimizing the composition and structure of concrete and improving the comprehensive performance of concrete.However，the addition of highvolume mineral admixtures leads to a significant decrease in the alkalinity of the concrete liquid phase，causing problems with difficult passivation and high susceptibility to corrosion of steel reinforcement.In this paper，the characteristics，effectiveness and existing problems of various technical methods (currently under study and application) for steel reinforcement corrosion prevention in high-volume mineral admixture concrete are analyzed from two perspectives:(1) adding protective barriers around carbon steel reinforcement and (2) developing novel steel reinforcement materials to replace carbon steel reinforcement.Based on comprehensive analysis，it was proposed that corrosion-resistant alloy steel reinforcement be used to replace conventional carbon steel reinforcement，thereby eliminating the adverse effects of the low-alkalinity environment in high-volume mineral admixture concrete on steel protection，which provided a technical approach for the corrosion prevention and control of steel reinforcement in concrete with high-volume mineral admixtures.

Solar panels operate outdoors for extended periods, and dust, dirt and other pollutants tend to accumulate on their surfaces, thus reducing the power generation efficiency of the system. Traditional cleaning methods are costly and prone to damaging photovoltaic panels. In contrast, self-cleaning coatings can maintain solar panels clean for long periods, and are of great significance for the high-efficiency operation and long service life of solar panels. So self-cleaning coatings have become a key research focus in the solar energy field. Herein, a systematic review of research on self-cleaning coatings for solar panels was presented, detailing the characteristics of dust on the surface of solar panels and analyzing the impact of dust accumulation on their service life. Meanwhile, this paper comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the preparation methods and self-cleaning performance of both superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic self-cleaning coatings, and compared their application effects and scenarios, while elucidating their self-cleaning mechanisms. The study found that the composition of dust on solar panel surfaces varied in different regions, the dust accumulation rate and adhesive contact force on photovoltaic panels were primarily influenced by dust particle size. Dust accumulation could reduce the service life of solar panels. Furthermore, both superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic coatings could effectively maintain the cleanliness of solar panel surfaces for a long time, thereby effectively enhancing the power output of solar panels.

Medical magnesium and magnesium alloys have become a research hotspot in the biomedical field due to their controllable degradability，mechanical properties matching those of human bones and good biocompatibility.However，their rapid degradation and hydrogen evolution issues limit their clinical application.Although traditional surface modification techniques can improve their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility，they still have problems such as limited antibacterial drug loading capacity and single-function coatings.As an efficient and flexible surface modification method，self-assembly technology achieves precise construction of coatings through electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonding forces，thus significantly improving the corrosion resistance，antibacterial properties and osseointegration ability of magnesium alloys.This paper mainly started from the construction strategies and action mechanisms of layer-by-layer self-assembled coatings，reviewed the research developments of self-assembled coatings on the surface of biomedical magnesium alloys；it also introduced the process principles of selfassembly modification and expounded on the advantages and disadvantages of this technology；furthermore，it systematically analyzed the influence of self-assembled coatings on the degradation of biomedical magnesium alloys，and outlined their future development directions to promote the wider application of biomedical magnesium alloys in the medical field.

Plasma spraying power is a key parameter for regulating the microstructure and electrochemical performance of nickel electrodes in alkaline water electrolysis.To investigate the regulatory effect of spraying power (33～39 kW) on the catalytic performance of nickel electrodes in alkaline water electrolysis，gradient experiments were conducted within the 33～39 kW power range，and the effects of spraying power on the surface morphology and electrochemical properties of Ni-Al coatings were systematically analyzed.Results showed that when the spraying power increased from 33 kW to 36 kW，the cracks on the surface of the Ni electrode disappeared，and a granular nanostructure emerged.When the spraying power was further increased to 39 kW，coarsening of the granular nanostructure occurred，resulting in a degradation of catalytic performance.The electrode prepared at a spraying power of 36 kW demonstrated optimal catalytic performance in both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).At a current density of 100 mA/cm2，the electrode exhibited low overpotentials of 249 mV for HER and 120 mV for OER，Tafel slopes of 71.7 and 201 mV/dec，respectively，and showed no decay in current density after 12 h of constant-current operation.Additionally，the electrode prepared at 36 kW demonstrated outstanding overall water-splitting performance，requiring only 2.05 V to achieve a current density of 300 mA/cm2.Overall，this work provided theoretical support for designing process parameters of highly active nickel-based hydrogen evolution electrodes for alkaline water electrolysis and is expected to promote the scalable production and application of high-performance，low-cost catalytic electrodes for alkaline water electrolysis by developing a low-cost and highly stable process scheme.

To investigate the influence of methane flow rates on the microstructure，mechanical properties，and low-vacuum (10－1 Pa) tribological properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) composite films，Ti/Si/O multi-element composite DLC films were prepared via magnetron sputtering at different methane flow rates (20，25，30 and 40 mL/min)，followed by comprehensive characterization and analysis of their microstructure，mechanical properties and low-vacuum tribological behavior.Results showed that all films deposited at different methane flow rates exhibited a Ti/Si alternately enriched nanolayered structure，with the presence of TiC nanocrystalline phases within the Ti-rich layers.As the methane flow rate increased，the modulation period of the nano multilayer structure exhibited a decreasing trend，while the hardness dropped from 14.2 GPa to 8.1 GPa and the elastic modulus decreased from approximately 136.1 GPa to 78.9 GPa.Infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that an increase in methane flow rate led to a higher proportion of sp3 C-H bonds in the films，leading to the formation of more polymeric sp3-CHn structures，which consequently reduced both hardness and elastic modulus.Moreover，the reduction in the modulation period of the nano multilayer structure contributed to an improvement in film toughness，resulting in a transition of the critical spallation mode from brittle spallation to ductile spallation.Under low vacuum conditions，the films exhibited poor tribological performance when the methane flow rate was below 30 mL/min and experienced rapid wear-through and failure.As the methane flow rate increased，the passivation effect of hydrogen at the friction interface weakened the interaction between the friction pairs，leading to a decrease in the friction coefficient.Therefore，when the methane flow rate was increased to 30 mL/min，the film demonstrated excellent tribological performance under low vacuum，with the friction coefficient and wear rate reaching minimum values of 0.019 2 and 5.43×10－8 mm3/(N·m)，respectively.When the methane flow rate was further increased，the film maintained a low friction coefficient，but the degradation of its mechanical properties led to a slight rise in the wear rate.

To study the corrosion behavior of concrete under ultraviolet irradiation，considering the influence of different ultraviolet irradiation intensities，the chloride ion transport behavior in unsaturated concrete was investigated via alternating wet-dry cycles，and the changes of the free chloride ion content，total chloride ion content，pH and chloride ion binding property with depth were analyzed under different ultraviolet irradiation intensities，and the influence of ultraviolet irradiation on the pore structure and phase composition of concrete was explored.Results showed that ultraviolet irradiation significantly increased both the chloride ion content and its erosion depth in unsaturated concrete.As the intensity of ultraviolet irradiation increased，the contents of both free and total chloride ions at the same depth increased，accompanied by an increase in the peak chloride ion concentration and a decrease in the convection zone depth，thus increasing the risk of steel reinforcement corrosion in concrete.Meanwhile，ultraviolet irradiation significantly reduced the chloride-binding capacity of the concrete surface layer，accelerating structural destabilization and leading to failure.Ultraviolet irradiation not only decreased the pH value of the concrete surface layer，promoting natural carbonation，increasing CaCO3 content and raising the corrosion probability of the passive film on steel reinforcement，but also reduced harmful pores while increasing harmless pores，leading to a denser pore structure in unsaturated concrete.The increase of chloride ion content in concrete primarily stemmed from the enhanced capillary adsorption process induced by ultraviolet irradiation.

In recent years，due to the excellent corrosion resistance of Zn-Al-Mg coatings，they have gradually been applied on a large scale in various service environments.However，the research on their corrosion behavior and mechanism in different environments is still insufficient.In this work，diatomaceous earth was employed to simulate soil in a laboratory accelerated corrosion test，to investigate the corrosion behavior and mechanisms of hot-dip Zn-11Al-3Mg coatings under conditions simulating the soils of South China，Northwest China，North America and Europe.Results showed that protective corrosion products formed on the Zn-Al-Mg coating across all four soil regions，and the coating continued to provide effective protection to the steel substrate after 12 months of burial.The corrosion rate of the Zn-Al-Mg coating across the tested different soil environments followed the order: South China ＞Northwest China ＞Europe ≈North America.Moreover，the corrosion behavior of the coating was influenced by the soil’s pH，salinity and Cl－ content: the relatively low pH of the soil in South China led to a high concentration of H＋，which promoted the cathodic depolarization process，thereby accelerating the overall corrosion.The soil in Northwest China had a high salt content and a relatively high concentration of Cl－.The high salt content placed the coating in a strong electrolyte environment，accelerating the corrosion of the coating.Due to its small ionic radius and erosive effect，Cl－ destroyed the dense protective corrosion products，causing pitting corrosion on the coating.By comparison，the near-neutral soil environments in North America and Europe caused relatively mild corrosion of the coating.After corrosion，the coating formed dense and stable corrosion products that provided excellent protection to the coating itself.Furthermore，the corrosion products in different soil environments primarily consisted of Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2 O，Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 and Zn4SO4(OH)6·H2O.The corrosion of the Zn-Al-Mg coating in simulated soil conditions was closely related to the involvement of ions from the soil environment in the corrosion process.

To solve the problem of high maintenance costs and difficulty in sustainable operation and maintenance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)pipeline network systems caused by crack damage and failure due to long-term exposure to natural environment in difficult to maintain sections，a SF-2980 self-healing resin coating(composed of a base solution and a curing agent) was prepared，and a self-healing coating protection method using this resin was employed to reduce maintenance frequency and costs，thereby achieving sustainable operation and maintenance.The impact resistance and bonding strength of the cured resin were evaluated using a film impact tester and an adhesion tester.Self-healing capability and pipeline crack repair experiments were performed to investigate the coating’s effectiveness in repairing crack-induced failures.A cost-benefit analysis compared the economic expenditure of the coating-based protection method with that of traditional disassembly-based repairs.Results showed that a coating dry film thickness of 0.40 mm exhibited the best impact resistance and optimal substrate adhesion strength.Additionally，the coating material demonstrated excellent self-healing properties，enabling the repair of crack-induced damage on the pipeline surface within 5 min.At the optimal coating thickness of 0.40 mm，the economic cost of traditional disassembly-based pipeline damage repair was 1.5 times higher than that of the self-healing coating protection for the same pipe diameter.The use of this material significantly reduced pipeline maintenance costs，improved pipeline reliability and durability in hard-to-maintain areas，and achieved sustainable operation and maintenance.

In order to clarify the corrosion behavior of high-Cr steel and ordinary carbon steel materials for oil casings under the extreme working conditions of CO2 flooding，to reveal the mechanisms underlying the corrosion differences between high-Cr steel and ordinary carbon steel，and to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of CO2 flooding gas well tubing materials in the Bohai Oilfield，a high-temperature and highpressure autoclave was used to simulate the actual service conditions of CO2-driven oil well casings.Weight loss corrosion experiments were conducted on four different oil casing steels.The corrosion products and corrosion characteristics on the material surface were characterized and analyzed in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)，energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).Results showed that under high-temperature，high-pressure and high-concentration CO2 corrosive environments，the uniform corrosion rates of S13Cr and 22Cr tubing and casing steels were significantly below the oilfield corrosion standard of 0.125 mm/a，and the pitting corrosion rates were also below the standard requirement of 0.130 mm/a.In contrast，the uniform corrosion rate of N80 oil casing steel was 0.426 mm/a，which clearly exceeded the oilfield corrosion standard，while the uniform corrosion rate of 13Cr oil casing steel was 0.128 mm/a，slightly exceeding the same standard.The main corrosion products formed on the surfaces of N80 and 13Cr steels were FeCO3 and Fe-Cr，whereas the main corrosion products on the surface of S13Cr steel were primarily Fe-Cr.In addition to FeCO3，dense Cr2O3 and CaCO3 were also generated on the surface of 22Cr steel.The presence of these corrosion products on the surface of 22Cr steel effectively inhibited the corrosive action of CO2，resulting in 22Cr tubing and casing steel exhibiting the best corrosion resistance.

The metal surface corrosion identification and analysis system is the core component of metal corrosion monitoring equipment that analyzes corrosion conditions based on corrosion morphology.The development of this system is of great significance for the development of metal corrosion monitoring technology.In this study，the YOLO v8 model was selected as the optimal model for the metal surface corrosion identification and analysis system from four versions of YOLO (v5，v6，v7 and v8) using F1-score and mean Average Precision (mAP) evaluation methods.The original dataset of metal surface corrosion images was processed through data cleaning，data augmentation，XML annotation and bounding box labeling to form a deep learning training dataset for computer.Programs corresponding to modules such as image and video import processing，YOLO model loading，computing device selection and class name processing in the dataset were developed.After computer deep learning training，the YOLO v8-based metal surface corrosion identification and analysis system demonstrated decreasing training and validation losses，improved precision and recall and a gradually increasing mAP value，and the model exhibited good generalization ability.When this model was applied to the detection of corrosion on actual metal equipment，the model exhibited favorable recognition and analysis performance.Furthermore，when applied to the recognition and analysis of metal surface corrosion images under real operating conditions，the model accurately identified corrosion locations and realized accurate corrosion classification.

In order to improve the optical properties of polyurea coatings and expand their protective applications under different environments，a two-step method was employed to synthesize highly transparent polyaspartic polyurea coatings.Five types of polyurea coatings with different ratios of amino-terminated polyether to polyaspartic ester were prepared.The coatings were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and subjected to transmittance testing，mechanical property testing，X-ray diffraction (XRD) and corrosion resistance testing.The properties of M3，M4 and M5，which exhibited better film-forming ability，were discussed.The results indicated that all three coatings possessed low crystallinity and high transparency，with visible light transmittance values above 92%at 450 nm.Among them，the M3-type polyurea demonstrated the best mechanical performance，with a breaking strength of 35.98 MPa，an elongation at break of 622.59%，and a Young’s modulus of 2.81 MPa.Corrosion resistance tests were further conducted on the M3-type polyurea coating.After immersing the M3-type polyurea coating in 5%H2SO4，5%NaOH and 5%NaCl solutions for 240 h，followed by tensile testing，the M3 coating exhibited excellent corrosion resistance.No significant changes in surface morphology of the M3-type polyurea coating were observed，and its breaking strength and elongation at break retained 80%of the original performance.

To meet the application demands in extreme environments at 673～1 373 K，Ga-doped Si0.85Ge0.15－x(x＝0～0.003) bulk thermoelectric materials were fabricated via arc melting combined with hot－press sintering，and the synergistic regulation mechanism of Ga doping on electrical-thermal transport properties was systematically revealed.Results showed that Ga acted as an acceptor impurity and dissolved in solid solution at Ge sites，which significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity of the thermoelectric materials.The power factor at 750 K reached 4.6×10－4 W/(m·K2) as the Ga content increased from x＝0 to x＝0.003，which was about 3.6 times higher than that of the undoped sample.The substitution of Ga for Ge sites induced the generation of point defects，which scattered high-frequency phonons reduced the lattice thermal conductivity of the material.The total thermal conductivity of the sample with x＝0.001 decreased to 3.3 W/(m·K) at 950 K，with a reduction rate of 15.4%.Furthermore，Ga doping optimized the thermoelectric performance of the material: when x increased from 0 to 0.003，the ZT value of the sample at 950 K jumped from 0.02 to 0.13，increasing by 5.5 times.Ultimately，this work was of great value for the application of SiGe-based alloy thermoelectric materials in extreme environments and the field of material surface modification.

To improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum-lithium alloy，an epoxy resin/CeO2 composite coating was sprayed onto the surfaces of aluminum-lithium alloy (both unanodized and anodized via a two-step process using sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid) by electrostatic spray method.The surface morphology，water contact angle，surface roughness，adhesion to the substrate and corrosion resistance of the epoxy resin/CeO2 composite coating were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)，contact angle measuring instrument，stylus profilometer，paint film pull-off tester and electrochemical tests.The results showed that when the epoxy resin/CeO2 composite coating was prepared on the unanodized aluminum-lithium alloy surface，the composite coating prepared with a CeO2 mass fraction of 1.5% exhibited the lowest surface roughness (0.037 μm)，the largest water contact angle (110.2°)，and the highest adhesion (2.83 MPa).Electrochemical results indicated that when the CeO2 mass fraction was 1.0%，the composite coating had the optimal corrosion potential (－0.549 V) and the maximum impedance value (262.3 kΩ·cm2).Spraying the epoxy resin/CeO2 composite coating containing 1.0%CeO2 onto the aluminum-lithium alloy surface anodized via the two-step sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid process significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the coating.At an oxidation voltage of 130 V，its corrosion current density was 9.265×10－10 mA/cm2，which was three orders of magnitude higher than that of the bare aluminum-lithium alloy.Moreover，a passive film could form after the coating was damaged，which effectively prevented further corrosion of the alloy.This improvement was attributed to the inhibitory effect of the Ce-rich passive film and the barrier effect of the oxide film: when the coating on the aluminum-lithium alloy surface was damaged，Ce3＋was generated in the coating and released to form a Ce(Ⅳ)-rich passive film at the cathode，enabling the alloy to still achieve significant corrosion protection.

In order to improve the accuracy of corrosion prediction for transmission tower materials under complex atmospheric environments and to construct a scientific and efficient modeling method to support material service life assessment and protection strategy development，a multi-algorithm ensemble model combining Genetic Algorithm (GA)，Random Forest (RF) and Backpropagation Neural Network (BP) was constructed in this study based on historical accumulated corrosion data of power grid tower materials.The model was applied to predict atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel and galvanized steel.By optimizing model parameters and feature selection strategies，the average relative prediction errors for carbon steel and galvanized steel were reduced to 7.65%and 8.83%，respectively，representing a significant improvement in prediction accuracy compared with the single BP model and the GA-RF model.Experimental results demonstrated that the GA-RF-BP model effectively integrated the strengths of multiple algorithms，enhanced the fitting capability for complex nonlinear corrosion laws，and provided reliable technical support for corrosion protection and service life assessment of transmission tower materials.

In order to clarify the CO2 corrosion laws and corrosion behavior of N80 tubing under different temperatures，CO2 partial pressures and flow rates，corrosion weight-loss experiments were conducted in a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave.The corroded specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)，energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)，X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 3D profilometry to characterize the corrosion patterns and behaviors.The results showed that the average corrosion rate of N80 tubing gradually increased with rising temperature and elevated CO2 partial pressure.Numerous corrosion defects with uneven distribution and varying depths were observed on the corroded substrate surface.With increasing CO2 partial pressure，the corrosion product film showed higher density，with pores and cracks appearing.When the N80 tubing was in a dynamic environment，microscopic characterization revealed that the main corrosion products were Fe3O4 and Fe2O3，and an increase in flow rate reduced the stability of the corrosion product film.This study demonstrated that temperature，CO2 partial pressure and flow rate significantly influenced the corrosion behavior of N80 tubing，and the corresponding corrosion mechanisms were clarified.

In order to address the issue of premature failure induced by high-temperature wear continuous casting molds during service，nanocomposite electrodeposition technology was employed to deposit pure Ni coatings and Ni-Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings on a pure copper substrate.The microstructure and mechanical properties of both coatings were systematically compared to reveal the strengthening mechanism of nanoparticles in the composite coating.Results showed that under the same processing conditions，the hardness of the as-deposited nanocomposite coating was 2.25 times higher than that of the pure Ni coating ，primarily due to the grain refinement and dispersion strengthening effects induced by the nanoparticles，with dispersion strengthening being dominant，with a contribution rate of 72%.Additionally，the nanocomposite coating exhibited superior high-temperature stability.After 8 h of heat treatment at 800 ℃，the hardness of the composite coating decreased by only 9.4%，significantly lower than the 40.7%reduction observed in the pure Ni coating.This was attributed to the dynamic pinning effect of the nanoparticles，which suppressed grain boundary migration and limited grain coarsening.High-temperature tribological tests (600 ℃) revealed that the pure Ni coating experienced severe plastic deformation，oxidative wear，adhesive wear and coating spalling，whereas the nanocomposite coating mainly exhibited abrasive wear with only slight adhesive wear.This study elucidated the microscopic synergistic strengthening mechanism of the Ni-Al2 O3 nanocomposite coating，characterized by “high hardness-resistance to high-temperature softening-wear resistance”，providing a theoretical basis and material design strategy for surface protection technology under high-temperature wear conditions，such as metallurgical crystallizers.

Optical microscopy，energy dispersive spectroscopy and electrochemical workstation were employed to investigate the effect of solution temperature on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel.Results showed that the ferrite content increased gradually with the increase of solution temperature.When the solution temperature was 1 040 ℃，σ phase was precipitated at the ferrite phase boundary，accounting for about 5.75%of the total area.When the solution temperature was in the range of 1 080 ～1 120 ℃，the ferrite/austenite (α/γ) ratio was 1.22，the proportion of ferrite was about 55%，and the corrosion resistance was the best.Subsequently，as the solution temperature continued to increase，the α/γ ratio increased，causing a reduction in corrosion resistance.Consequently，when the heat treatment temperature of UNS S32750 was in the range of 1 080～1 120 ℃，the material exhibited the best corrosion resistance.

In order to investigate the pitting susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel，the critical pitting temperature (CPT) of 304L and 316L stainless steel for pressure vessels was measured in a Cl－ environment using electrochemical methods.The pitting susceptibility evaluation curves were then established.Further validation and calibration of the electrochemical CPT were performed through chemical immersion tests，which refined the evaluation curves.Results showed that with an increase in temperature or Cl－ concentration，the passivation film protection ability of both 304L and 316L decreased，leading to an increased pitting susceptibility.Under the same Cl－ concentration，there was a temperature difference of－10～23 ℃ in the CPT obtained by the two methods within the experimental concentration range.Both methods revealed that the CPT decreased with increasing Cl－ concentration，with the rate of decrease slowing down as the concentration rose.The impact of Cl－ was more significant at medium and low concentrations.This study provided theoretical guidance and data support for measuring the critical pitting temperature of metallic materials and for material selection assessments under practical operating conditions.