7075-T6铝合金电辅助成形表面摩擦磨损性能研究

周康, 夏建生, 窦沙沙, 施豪杰, 刘壮, 杨铭宇

doi:10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2025.0048

材料保护 >

2025 , Vol. 58 >Issue 3: 121 - 129

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2025.0048

研究论文

7075-T6铝合金电辅助成形表面摩擦磨损性能研究

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盐城工学院机械工程学院

夏建生(1980－)，博士，教授，研究方向:金属塑性成形，E-mail:xiajs＠ycit.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2024-10-22

修回日期: 2024-11-25

录用日期: 2024-11-26

网络出版日期: 2025-04-16

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51505408)

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Study on the Friction and Wear Performance of 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy under Electro Assisted Forming

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(School of Mechanical Engineering， Yancheng Institute of Technology， Yancheng 224051， China)

XIA Jiansheng(1980－)，Ph.D.，Professor，Research Focus:Plastic Forming of Metals，E-mail:xiajs＠ycit.edu.cn

Received date: 2024-10-22

Revised date: 2024-11-25

Accepted date: 2024-11-26

Online published: 2025-04-16

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China(51505408)

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摘要

针对7075－T6 铝合金薄板冲压成形的表面质量和摩擦磨损问题，将电辅助成形(EAF)技术引入冲压过程，研究了0～20 A/mm2电流密度下铝合金薄板成形的表面硬度、表面粗糙度和摩擦磨损情况，并与热冲压成形(HS)结果对比。借助电辅助成形摩擦试验机模拟成形过程，结合红外热成像仪、维氏硬度检测仪、形状测量显微镜、XRD、SEM 和EDS 等仪器对试样的温度、表面硬度、表面粗糙度、摩擦系数和磨损情况进行观测与分析。结果表明:在0～16 A/mm2内EAF 加工试样比同温度HS 加工试样的表面硬度更高、表面粗糙度更低。低电流密度下电塑性对表面性能的强化体现在阻碍η′亚稳相转变为η 稳定相，高电流密度下电塑性带来的焦耳热使得薄板软化情况严重。 EAF 试样的摩擦系数随电流密度上升呈现先减后增的趋势，在12 A/mm2左右存在最小值。此时EAF试样摩擦系数较HS 试样减小率超过10%。试样经0～16 A/mm2 EAF 加工后磨损率更低，且试样表面更易生成致密氧化层，减摩耐磨性能更好。

关键词： 7075-T6 铝合金; 电辅助成形; 表面质量; 摩擦; 磨损

本文引用格式

周康, 夏建生, 窦沙沙, 施豪杰, 刘壮, 杨铭宇 . 7075-T6铝合金电辅助成形表面摩擦磨损性能研究[J]. 材料保护, 2025 , 58(3) : 121 -129 . DOI: 10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2025.0048

Abstract

In order to address the surface quality and friction-wear issues of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy thin sheet in stamping forming， Electro Assisted Forming (EAF) technology was introduced into the stamping process.The effects of current densities ranging from 0 to 20 A/mm2 on the surface hardness， surface roughness and friction-wear behavior of the aluminum alloy thin sheet were studied and compared with the results of Hot Stamping (HS).A friction testing machine for EAF was used to simulate the forming process， and infrared thermography， Vickers hardness tester，shape measurement microscope，X-ray diffraction (XRD)，scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were employed to observe and analyze the temperature， surface hardness， surface roughness， friction coefficient and wear behavior of the specimens.Results showed that， within the range of 0 to 16 A/mm2， the surface hardness of the EAF-processed specimens was higher and the surface roughness was lower than that of the HS-processed specimens at the same temperature.The enhancement of surface properties by electroplasticity at low current densities was attributed to the inhibition of the η′ metastable phase transition to the stable η phase.At high current densities， the Joule heat generated by electroplasticity caused significant softening of the thin sheet.The friction coefficient of the EAF specimens initially decreased and then increased with the rise in current density， reaching a minimum around 12 A/mm2.At this point， the friction coefficient of the EAF specimens was reduced by more than 10%compared to the HS specimens.After being processed by EAF at current densities ranging from 0 to 16 A/mm2， the specimens showed a lower wear rate， and a denser oxide layer was more easily formed on the surface， resulting in improved friction and wear resistance.

Key words： 7075-T6 aluminum alloy; electrically assisted forming; surface quality; friction; wear

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