淡水壳菜是淡水里常见的大型污损生物，它们易附着在水利构筑物混凝土表面破坏混凝土结构，采用涂层防护是一种防止淡水壳菜侵蚀的有效方法。 利用羟基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷(H-PDMS)改性环氧树脂，添加二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米颗粒和凹凸棒土(ATP)微米颗粒，采用空气喷涂法制备TiO2-ATP 复合涂层。 进行30 d 淡水壳菜侵蚀试验，通过环境扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、高性能全自动压汞仪、电子万能试验机等多种测试手段，探讨了TiO2-ATP 复合涂层的防护效果。 研究结果显示:TiO2-ATP 复合涂层表面接触角达到138.7° ± 1.6°，复合涂层防护的混凝土试样在水中浸泡24 h 和48 h 的吸水率分别为0.08%和0.13%。 30 d 侵蚀试验后，TiO2-ATP 复合涂层防护的混凝土试样在热重测试后质量损失了3.71%，孔隙率为10.21%，抗压强度比无涂层防护时的抗压强度提高了22.76%，表明TiO2-ATP 复合涂层有效延缓了混凝土内部钙含量的浸出，阻止了淡水壳菜足丝对混凝土内部的侵蚀，延缓了水的渗入，显著提高了混凝土结构的耐久性。

Freshwater mussels are common large fouling organisms in freshwater.They easily attach to the concrete surfaces of water-conservancy structures and damage the concrete.Coating protection is an effective method to prevent erosion by freshwater mussels.In this study，a TiO2-ATP composite coating was fabricated by air spraying after modifying epoxy resin with hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (H-PDMS)and loading it with titanium-dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and attapulgite (ATP) microparticles.A 30 d freshwater mussel erosion test was conducted，and the protective performance of the coating was evaluated by environmental scanning electron microscopy，thermogravimetric analysis， high-performance automatic mercury porosimetry and an electronic universal testing machine.Results showed that the surface contact angle of the TiO2-ATP composite coating reached 138.7°±1.6°.The water-absorption ratios of concrete specimens protected by the coating were recorded as 0.08%and 0.13%after 24 h and 48 h immersion， respectively.After 30 d of erosion， the coated specimens suffered a mass loss of 3.71%， exhibited a porosity of 10.21%， and displayed a compressive strength 22.76%higher than that of uncoated specimens.These findings demonstrated that the TiO2-ATP composite coating effectively delayed calcium leaching from concrete， prevented erosion by freshwater mussel byssus， reduced water penetration， and markedly enhanced the durability of the concrete structure.