超声喷丸对SLM316L不锈钢抗空蚀性能的影响

王泽楠, 程峰, 王硕, 孙洁

doi:10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2025.0103

材料保护 >

2025 , Vol. 58 >Issue 6: 124 - 133

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2025.0103

研究论文

超声喷丸对SLM316L不锈钢抗空蚀性能的影响

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江南大学机械工程学院

王泽楠(1999－),硕士,主要研究方向为水翼空蚀防护机理研究,电话:19826389298,E-mail:1130051153＠qq.com

收稿日期: 2024-11-01

修回日期: 2024-12-02

录用日期: 2024-12-05

网络出版日期: 2025-07-09

基金资助

武汉市中国舰船研究设计中心装备重大基础研究项目(909120903)

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Effect of Ultrasonic Shot Peening on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of SLM316L Stainless Steel

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(School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China)

WANG Zenan (1999－), Master, Research Focus: Mechanism of Hydrofoil Cavitation Erosion Protection, Tel.:19826389298, E-mail: 1130051153＠qq.com

Received date: 2024-11-01

Revised date: 2024-12-02

Accepted date: 2024-12-05

Online published: 2025-07-09

Supported by

the Major Basic Research Project for Equipment from China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan, Through Grant(909120903)

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摘要

为了研究超声喷丸强化对SLM316L 不锈钢抗空蚀性能的影响，利用超声喷丸装置对SLM316L 不锈钢表面进行不同喷丸时间(5、25、45 min)的强化处理，然后用超声振动装置对SLM316L 不锈钢及其喷丸强化后的试样进行空蚀试验。利用X 射线衍射仪、压痕测试仪、数字显微硬度计、数字3D 视频显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等，对试样的物相、残余应力、显微硬度、表面形貌演变和微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明:SLM316L 不锈钢试样和超声喷丸试样展现出了不同的空蚀行为。超声喷丸通过对试样表面植入残余应力，使试样表层微观组织得到了细化，提高了表面硬度，从而减轻了空泡冲击产生的晶粒变形，抵抗了裂纹产生，延缓了空蚀破坏。同时25 min 和45 min 喷丸处理试样内部发生了奥氏体向马氏体的转变，马氏体因其优异的硬化性能进一步提高了喷丸试样的抗空蚀性能。通过分析空蚀过程中失重曲线和表面形貌，发现45 min 超声喷丸试样展现出最佳的抗空蚀效果。超声喷丸工艺有效改善了SLM316L 不锈钢的抗空蚀性能，并且延长喷丸时间可以进一步优化喷丸试样表面抗空蚀效果。

关键词： SLM316L 不锈钢; 空蚀; 超声喷丸; 喷丸时间; 残余应力

本文引用格式

王泽楠, 程峰, 王硕, 孙洁 . 超声喷丸对SLM316L不锈钢抗空蚀性能的影响[J]. 材料保护, 2025 , 58(6) : 124 -133 . DOI: 10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2025.0103

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of ultrasonic shot peening on the cavitation erosion resistance of SLM316L stainless steel, the surface of SLM316L stainless steel was treated for varying durations (5, 25 and 45 min) using an ultrasonic shot peening apparatus.Subsequently, cavitation tests were conducted on both the untreated and shot-peened samples by means of an ultrasonic vibration device.The phase composition, residual stress, microhardness, surface morphology evolution and micro morphology of the samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), indentation tester, digital microhardness meter, digital 3D video microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results showed that the SLM316L stainless steel sample and the ultrasonic shot peening sample exhibited different cavitation behaviors.Residual stresses were introduced into the surface of the samples by ultrasonic shot peening, the surface microstructure was refined, and the surface hardness was enhanced,which led to the mitigation of grain deformation caused by cavitation impacts.As a result,crack initiation was resisted,and cavitation damage was delayed.Additionally, the samples that were subjected to 25 and 45 min of shot peening underwent a transformation from austenite to martensite, and the martensite phase was found to further enhance the cavitation erosion resistance of the shot-peened specimens due to its superior hardening characteristics.The analysis of the weight loss curves and surface morphology during the cavitation process revealed that the 45 min shot-peened sample was found to exhibit the best cavitation erosion resistance.The cavitation erosion resistance of SLM316L stainless steel was effectively improved by the ultrasonic shot peening process, and it was demonstrated that extending the peening duration could further optimize the cavitation erosion resistance of the shot-peened samples.

Key words： SLM316L stainless steel; cavitation erosion; ultrasonic shot peening; shot peening time; residual stress

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