为改善12Cr1MoV 钢表面的力学和磨损性能，以镍铬合金粉和镍包碳化物(WC)粉的混合物为原料，采用激光熔覆技术在12Cr1MoV 钢表面制备含镍包WC 镍铬基合金涂层，借助扫描电镜、X 射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、冲击试验机和颗粒磨损、冲刷磨损和摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的显微组织、物相组成、力学和磨损性能进行分析，研究不同镍包WC 对涂层的显微组织、物相组成、显微硬度、冲击性能和冲刷磨损、磨粒磨损和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:镍包WC 涂层组织致密，物相为(Ni，Cr)固溶体、Cr23C6、Fe3W3C、Fe6W6C 和WC；随着镍包WC 增大，涂层组织细化，力学性能和磨损性能同步提高；当镍包WC 含量为30%(质量分数)时，涂层组织致密且细化显著，涂层显示出高硬度、高韧性和耐磨损性能，30%镍包WC 涂层的显微硬度达760 HV、冲击吸收能量为54.1 J，具有低摩擦因数和耐摩擦磨损性能，冲蚀磨损和磨粒磨损失重质量为基材的1/28 和1/48；30%镍包WC 涂层的力学性能和磨损性能优于其他涂层和基材。
In order to enhance the mechanical and wear properties of the surface of 12Cr1MoV steel,a mixture of nickel-chromium alloy powder and nickel-coated tungsten carbide (WC) powder were utilized as raw materials.Laser cladding technology was employed to fabricate a nickelcoated WC nickel-chromium-based alloy coating on the surface of 12Cr1MoV steel.The microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties and wear performance of the coating were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness testing, impact testing and wear testing machines for particle wear, erosive wear and frictional wear.The effects of varying amounts of nickelcoated WC on the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, impact performance and resistance to erosive wear, abrasive wear and frictional wear of the coating were investigated.Results showed that the nickel-coated WC coating was characterized by a dense microstructure,with phases including (Ni,Cr) solid solution,Cr23C6,Fe3W3C,Fe6W6C and WC.As the content of nickel-coated WC was increased,the microstructure of the coating was refined,and simultaneous improvements in mechanical and wear properties were achieved.When the nickel-coated WC content reached 30%(mass fraction), the coating structure was dense and significantly refined, and the coating showed high hardness, toughness and wear resistance.The microhardness of the 30%nickel-coated WC coating was 760 HV, with an impact absorbed energy of 54.1 J, along with a low friction coefficient and excellent resistance to frictional wear.The mass loss due to erosive wear and abrasive wear was determined to be 1/28 and 1/48 of the substrate’s mass, respectively.The mechanical and wear properties of the 30%nickel-coated WC coating were found to surpass those of other coatings and the substrate.
