为了提高车用316L不锈钢的表面质量，综合运用粉末渗钒以及盐浴渗氮工艺在其表面制备单渗钒、先渗钒后渗氮(N/V)以及先渗氮后渗钒(V/N)涂层，并通过SEM、EDS、XRD、硬度测试仪、摩擦试验机等分析了其微观组织结构和耐磨性能。结果表明：相对单V涂层而言，N/V和V/N涂层(统称NV涂层)的表面更为光滑，主要包含NV(111)与α - Fe 2种物相组织。其中V/N涂层中N元素含量较高，涂层表面富集了大量的Fe。V/N涂层硬度(1 691 HV)高于N/V涂层硬度(1 546 HV)，两者的硬度均比单V层的高，并且涂层硬度均远高于不锈钢基体的硬度。与其他涂层相比，V/N涂层具有更小的摩擦系数(0.26)，可以快速形成稳定磨损状态，其摩擦系数变化曲线相对平缓。V/N涂层与基体形成紧密结合状态，其磨痕深度较低并避免了犁沟的产生。
In order to improve the surface quality of 316L stainless steel for vehicles, the powder vanadizing and the salt bath nitriding technology were used to prepare the coatings of single powder vanadizing, powder vanadizing followed by nitriding(N/V), and nitriding followed by powder vanadizing(V/N) on the surface of 316L stainless steel. The microstructure and wear resistance were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD, hardness tester and friction tester. Results showed that compared with single V coating, NV coating had a smoother surface, mainly containing NV(111) and α - Fe. The V/N coating had a high content of N element, and a large amount of Fe was formed on the surface of the coating. The hardness of the V/N coating (1 691 HV) was higher than that of the N/V coating (1 546 HV). The hardness of V/N and N/V coatings was higher than that of single vanadium coating. The hardness of the coatings were much higher than that of the 316L stainless steel substrate. Compared with other coatings, the V/N coating had a smaller friction coefficient, only 0.26, which could quickly form a stable wear state, and forming a relatively gentle friction coefficient change curve. V/N coating was closely bound to the substrate and the depth of the wear scar is low, which avoided the generation of furrow.
