Application of scale inhibitor is one of the most efficient and practical methods to solve the scale problem in industrial water treatment system. In this paper, the scale inhibition performance of different types of scale inhibitors was compared and analyzed, and the scale inhibition mechanism of scale inhibitors was described from the aspects of chelation solubilization, dispersion adsorption, distortion and geometric matching. This work would provide reference for the future development of scale inhibition performance and scale inhibition mechanism of scale inhibitors.