加注缓蚀剂是油气田集输系统减缓腐蚀的常规手段之一，具有成本较低、效果好、不影响介质基本性质、易于操作的优点。但现场管输环境复杂，缓蚀效率受到众多因素的影响。综述了缓蚀剂性质、管道材质和环境等因素对缓蚀效率的影响规律，结果表明：影响缓蚀效率的因素众多且规律复杂，需要根据实际情况具体分析，并且各参数对缓蚀效率的交互影响研究较少。此外，对缓蚀剂常用的实验室评价方法进行了总结，目前缓蚀剂评价方法主要有失重法、电化学评价法、量子化学理论评价法、分子动力学模拟法及各种表面分析方法，包括扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、3D显微镜、原子力显微镜(AFM)、电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM)等。最后从缓蚀剂的发展方向、影响缓蚀效率的主控因素研究和缓蚀效率评价方法进行了展望，为了使缓蚀剂筛选评价更符合现场实际，应在流动环境中，预腐蚀前提下评价缓蚀效率，关注局部腐蚀速率，指出了找到影响缓蚀效率的关键因素的重要性。
Adding corrosion inhibitor is one of the conventional methods to slow down the corrosion of the gathering and transportation system in oil and gas fields, as this method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, easy operation and having no effect on the basic properties of the medium. However, the on - site pipeline transportation environment is complex, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency is affected by many factors. In this paper, the influence rules of corrosion inhibitor properties, pipeline materials and environment on corrosion inhibition efficiency were reviewed. Results showed that there were many factors affecting corrosion inhibition efficiency and the rules were complex, which needed to be analyzed according to the actual situation. There were few studies on interaction effects of various parameters. In addition, the commonly used laboratory evaluation methods of corrosion inhibitors were summarized. At present, the evaluation methods of corrosion inhibitors mainly include weight loss method, electrochemical evaluation method, quantum chemical theory evaluation method, molecular dynamics simulation method and various surface analysis methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive analysis (EDS), X - ray diffraction (XRD), X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 3D microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Finally, the development direction of corrosion inhibitors, the research on the main controlling factors affecting the corrosion inhibition efficiency, and the evaluation methods of corrosion inhibition efficiency were prospected. In order to make the screening and evaluation of corrosion inhibitors more consist with the actual situation, the corrosion inhibition efficiency should be evaluated under the pre - corrosion condition in a flowing environment, and the local corrosion rate should be paid attention to. Also, the importance of finding the key factors affecting the corrosion inhibition efficiency was pointed out.
