为了探究冷喷涂过程中颗粒的加速和变形行为，采用有限元方法模拟了不同粒径铜颗粒在Laval喷枪内的加速过程，并通过粒子图像测速验证模拟结果的准确性。采用耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法，借助Python语言建立多颗粒碰撞模型，模拟铜颗粒的沉积过程并分析铜涂层的残余应力。颗粒加速模拟结果表明：在相同喷涂条件下，颗粒粒径越大，速度越小。模拟计算得到的颗粒速度分布与实际喷涂中的速度分布接近，平均值相差3.5%。在3 MPa、723 K条件下，模拟了颗粒在不同时刻的碰撞过程，已沉积的颗粒受到后续颗粒的夯实作用，颗粒剧烈变形并填充已沉积颗粒间的孔隙，形成致密的涂层。多颗粒碰撞模型模拟得到的涂层残余应力值(-57.02 MPa)与实际测量值(-42.68 MPa)接近，故该模型能够反映涂层的形成过程及内部残余应力分布。

In order to investigate the acceleration and deformation behavior of particles during cold spraying, the finite element method was used to simulate the acceleration process of copper particles with different sizes inside the Laval spray gun, and the accuracy of the simulation results was verified through particle image velocimetry. Meanwhile, the multi-particle collision model was established using a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method with Python script to simulate the deposition process of copper particles and analyze the residual stresses of the copper coating. The simulation results of particle acceleration indicated that the velocity of the same material increased as the particles size decreased under the same spraying conditions. The simulated particle velocity distribution closely matched the actual velocity distribution during spraying, with only a 3.5% difference in average values. Under the conditions of 3 MPa and 723 K, the collision process of particles at different moments was simulated, and the deposited particles were compacted by subsequent particles, causing severe deformation and filling of the pores between the deposited particles, forming a dense coating. The residual stress of the coating simulated by the multi particle collision model(-57.02 MPa) was close to the measured value(-42.68 MPa), demonstrating that this model could effectively reflect the formation of the coating and the distribution of internal residual stresses.