低共熔溶剂中电沉积铬的研究进展

付飞娥, 徐存英, 栗健茹, 王姝羡

doi:10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2024.0188

材料保护 >

2024 , Vol. 57 >Issue 8: 155 - 167

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2024.0188

综述篇

低共熔溶剂中电沉积铬的研究进展

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(1. 昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院，云南昆明 650093;2. 云南开放大学/ 云南国防工业职业技术学院化学工程学院，云南昆明 650500;3. 复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室，云南昆明 650093)

徐存英(1971-)，教授，博士，主要研究方向为离子液体电化学冶金，E-mail: xucunyin＠foxmail.com

收稿日期: 2023-11-15

修回日期: 2023-12-26

录用日期: 2023-12-28

网络出版日期: 2024-09-24

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(51764027)；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023J0795)

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Research Progress of Chromium Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvents

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(1.Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Kunming 650093， China；2.College of Chemical Engineering， Yunnan Open University/Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of National Defense Industry， Kunming 650500， China；3.State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization， Kunming 650093， China)

XU Cunying(1971-)， Professor， Ph.D.， Research Focus: Electrochemical Metallurgy Using Ionic Liquids，E-mail: xucunyin＠foxmail.com

Received date: 2023-11-15

Revised date: 2023-12-26

Accepted date: 2023-12-28

Online published: 2024-09-24

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China(51764027)； Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Education Department(2023J0795)

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摘要

金属铬镀层具有硬度高、耐磨耐蚀性优良、外观优美等优点，作为装饰性和功能性镀层被广泛用于冶金、化工等行业。传统的镀铬工艺采用六价铬电镀，然而六价铬具有很强的毒性，是强致癌物质，在危害人体健康的同时污染环境。三价铬被认为是最重要、最直接有效替代六价铬电镀的工艺之一，但是水溶液中三价铬电镀存在析氢、镀层难以增厚、电流效率低等缺点，制约了三价铬的发展。寻求可替代水溶液的新型电解液体系成为三价铬电镀的研究方向之一。低共熔溶剂(DESs)作为一种新型绿色溶剂，具有制备简单、导电性好、电化学窗口宽、溶解性好等特点，克服了有机溶剂挥发性强、离子液体制备过程复杂、价格高等缺点，使其在金属电沉积方面具备广阔的应用前景。介绍了用于电沉积铬DESs 的物理化学性质，以及金属离子在其中的存在形式；综述了在DESs 中电沉积铬及其合金的研究进展；阐述了添加剂对DESs 中电沉积铬的影响；分析了DESs 体系电沉积铬存在的问题，探讨了进一步的研究方向。

关键词： 低共熔溶剂; 铬; 电沉积; 研究进展

本文引用格式

付飞娥, 徐存英, 栗健茹, 王姝羡 . 低共熔溶剂中电沉积铬的研究进展[J]. 材料保护, 2024 , 57(8) : 155 -167 . DOI: 10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2024.0188

Abstract

Metal chromium coating has been widely used as decorative and functional coatings in the metallurgical and chemical industries due to its high hardness， excellent corrosion resistance and aesthetic appearance.The traditional chromium electroplating process uses hexavalent chromium electroplating.However， hexavalent chromium electrolytes are highly toxic and strong carcinogens， which harm human health and seriously pollute the environment.Trivalent chromium electroplating is considered one of the most important and effective processes to replace hexavalent chromium electroplating.However， due to the limitations of aqueous solutions， trivalent chromium electroplating exhibits shortcomings such as hydrogen evolution， difficulty in thickening the coating and low current efficiency， which restrict its development.Seeking a new electrolyte system that can replace aqueous solutions has become one of the research directions for trivalent chromium electroplating.As a new type of green solvent， deep eutectic solvents (DESs) show great promise in the electrodeposition of metals due to their advantages， including ease of synthesis， high electrical conductivity， wide electrochemical window and good solubility.They overcome the shortcomings of the high volatility of organic solvents， the complex preparation process of ionic liquids and high costs.In this paper， the physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvents used for chromium electrodeposition and the forms in which metal ions exist within them were introduced.The research progress on chromium and its alloys electrodeposition in DESs was reviewed.The effects of additives on chromium electrodeposition in DESs were discussed.Issues related to chromium electrodeposition in DESs were analyzed， and directions for further research were explored.

Key words： deep eutectic solvents; chromium; electrodeposition; research progress

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