低浓度硫酸铜对化学镀Ni-P镀层微观结构及性能的影响

周柏玉, 黄仁超

doi:10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2024.0138

材料保护 >

2024 , Vol. 57 >Issue 6: 147 - 153

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2024.0138

工艺篇

低浓度硫酸铜对化学镀Ni-P镀层微观结构及性能的影响

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(郴州职业技术学院现代装备制造学院, 湖南郴州 423000)

周柏玉(1987-),硕士，讲师，主要从事金属材料制备及性能研究，电话：15526282060,E-mail:313700212@qq.com

收稿日期: 2023-09-26

修回日期: 2023-11-15

录用日期: 2023-11-25

网络出版日期: 2024-06-25

基金资助

湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22B0946)

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Effects of Low-Concentration Copper Sulfate on the Microstructure and Properties of Electroless Ni-P Coatings

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(Modern Equipment Manufacturing Institute, Chenzhou Vocational Technical College, Chenzhou 423000, China)

ZHOU Baiyu (1987-), Master, Instructor, Research Focus: Preparation and Properties of Metallic Materials, Tel.: 15526282060, E-mail: 313700212@qq.com

Received date: 2023-09-26

Revised date: 2023-11-15

Accepted date: 2023-11-25

Online published: 2024-06-25

Supported by

Scientific Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province (No.22B0946)

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摘要

为改善镍磷(Ni-P)镀层的表面质量、提高Ni-P镀层的性能，在化学镀Ni-P镀液中加入少量的硫酸铜(CuSO₄·5H₂O)制备Ni-P镀层。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪分析了镀层的表面形貌、成分和结构，研究了CuSO₄·5H₂O浓度对镀层的微观结构、表面粗糙度、光泽度、硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响。研究表明：当CuSO₄·5H₂O浓度为0.1 g/L时，镀层为致密的非晶态节瘤状组织，具有最佳的耐蚀性；当CuSO₄·5H₂O浓度为0.2 g/L时，镀层表面质量最好，硬度高、耐磨性优异，但镀层中出现少量微晶态Ni-Cu固溶体，耐蚀性下降；当CuSO₄·5H₂O浓度超过0.2 g/L后，镀层为混晶态菜花状组织，镀层表面的质量和耐蚀性随CuSO₄·5H₂O浓度的增加不断恶化。

关键词： 化学镀; Ni-P镀层; 硫酸铜浓度; 微观结构; 耐磨性; 耐蚀性

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周柏玉, 黄仁超 . 低浓度硫酸铜对化学镀Ni-P镀层微观结构及性能的影响[J]. 材料保护, 2024 , 57(6) : 147 -153 . DOI: 10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2024.0138

Abstract

In order to improve the surface quality and properties of nickel-phosphorus(Ni-P) coatings, a small quantity of copper sulfate(CuSO₄·5H₂O) was added to the electroless Ni-P plating solution to prepare Ni-P coatings. The surface morphology, composition and structure of the coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer. The effects of CuSO₄·5H₂O concentration on the microstructure, surface roughness, glossiness, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coatings were investigated. Results showed that when the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O was 0.1 g/L, the coating exhibited a dense, amorphous nodular structure with the best corrosion resistance. At a concentration of 0.2 g/L, the coating had the best surface quality, high hardness and excellent wear resistance, but a small amount of microcrystalline Ni-Cu solid solution appeared in the coating, leading to decreased corrosion resistance. When the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O exceeded 0.2 g/L, the coating formed a mixed crystalline cauliflower-like structure, and both the surface quality and corrosion resistance of the coating deteriorated with increasing CuSO₄·5H₂O concentration.

Key words： electroless plating; Ni-P coating; copper sulfate concentration; microscopic structure; wear resistance; corrosion resistance

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