为替代矿物基润滑油，制备出稳定性好、易降解、环境友好的植物油基润滑油，采用天然产物棕榈油酸，以三羟甲基丙烷为原料，酸性阳离子树脂Amberlyst为多相催化剂制备润滑剂三羟甲基丙烷棕榈油酸酯(TMPTO),研究了制备条件对TMPTO酯化率的影响，并筛选出最佳合成参数。测试了TMPTO的运动黏度、黏度指数、闪点等物理性质，采用NMR、FTIR、DSC、TG对TMPTO的结构和热氧化稳定性进行了表征；采用四球试验机、接触角测量仪、XRF对TMPTO的抗磨损性能、润湿性和防铝腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明：在反应温度180℃,真空度0.09 MPa,醇酸摩尔比1.0∶3.1,反应时间5 h,催化剂用量0.2%(质量分数)的条件下，棕榈油酸的酯化率达到81.53%,催化剂重复使用4次后的酯化率仍保持在81.15%。制备的三羟甲基丙烷棕榈油酸酯的酸值仅为1.87 mg KOH/g,具有较高的闪点(238℃),具有优异的防铝腐蚀性能、润湿性、热氧化稳定性和极压抗磨性能：最大无卡咬负荷PB为88 kg,最大烧结负荷PD为620 kg。
To replace mineral based lubricants and prepare vegetable oil-based lubricants with good stability, easy degradation and environmental friendliness, trimethylolpropane palmitoleate(TMPTO) was synthesized using natural product palmitoleic acid and trimethylolpropane as raw materials, and acidic cation resin Amberlyst as a heterogeneous catalyst. The effects of preparation conditions on the esterification rate of TMPTO were studied, and the optimal synthesis parameters were determined. The physical properties of TMPTO, including kinematic viscosity, viscosity index and flash point were tested. The structure and thermal oxidative stability of TMPTO were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TG). The anti-wear performance, wettability and anti-aluminum corrosion properties of TMPTO were evaluated using a four-ball testing machine, contact angle goniometer and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF), respectively. Results showed that under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 180 ℃, a vacuum degree of 0.09 MPa, an alcohol-to-acid molar ratio of 1.0∶3.1, a reaction time of 5 h, and a catalyst amount of 0.2%(mass fraction), the esterification rate of palmitic acid reached 81.53%. After four uses of the catalyst, the esterification rate remained at 81.15%. The synthesized trimethylolpropane palmitoleate had an acid value of only 1.87 mg KOH/g, a high flash point(238 ℃), and exhibited excellent anti-aluminum corrosion performance, wettability, thermal oxidative stability and extreme pressure anti-wear properties: the maximum non-seizure load(PB) was ≤88 kg, and the maximum sintering load(PD) was ≤620 kg.
