超高功率连续激光清洗工艺参数对Q355B钢清洗质量的影响

李昌奇, 刘列, 韩良华

doi:10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2024.0140

材料保护 >

2024 , Vol. 57 >Issue 6: 165 - 174

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2024.0140

工艺篇

超高功率连续激光清洗工艺参数对Q355B钢清洗质量的影响

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(南华大学机械工程学院, 湖南衡阳 421001)

刘列(1960-),博士，教授，研究方向为核设施退役装备与技术、核燃料循环技术与装备、激光技术及应用，E-mail:1955185648@qq.com

收稿日期: 2023-12-11

修回日期: 2024-01-17

录用日期: 2024-01-25

网络出版日期: 2024-06-26

基金资助

南华大学人才引进科研启动项目(2021012002023424)

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Effects of Ultra-High Power Continuous Laser Cleaning Process Parameters on the Cleaning Quality of Q355B Steel

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(College of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China)

LIU Lie (1960-), Ph.D., Professor, Research Focus: Nuclear Facilities Retired Equipment and Technology, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology and Equipment, Laser Technology and Applications, E-mail: 1955185648@qq.com

Received date: 2023-12-11

Revised date: 2024-01-17

Accepted date: 2024-01-25

Online published: 2024-06-26

Supported by

The Talent Introduction and Research Initiation Project of University of South China (2021012002023424)

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摘要

为了探究Q355B钢在超高功率连续激光清洗下的效果，采用超高功率光纤激光器对Q355B钢表面的铁锈等污染物进行清洗试验，研究超高功率下激光扫描速度和功率对清洗质量的影响并计算清洗效率。结果表明：清洗速度≤110 mm/s时激光对基体损伤较大，速度≥140 mm/s时仍有部分锈蚀存在于基体表面，速度在120～130 mm/s时基体未损伤并可有效去除锈蚀层；当速度恒定为120 mm/s时，功率在7 500 W以下时锈蚀未除净，功率在8 500 W以上时基材发生损伤。用SEM分析清洗前后钢材表面的微观形貌，用XRD和EDS对工件表面进行表征，随着扫描速度从100 mm/s提高到150 mm/s,功率从7 000 W提高到9 000 W,清洗后钢材表面的铁含量呈现先增加后降低的趋势，而氧含量则呈现先降低再升高的趋势。当激光功率为8 000 W,扫描速度为120 mm/s时，清洗后的工件表面铁元素的质量分数达到了峰值，约为79.25%,氧元素的质量分数则达到谷值，约为20.75%。计算得出激光清洗效率最高可达43.2 m²/h。通过调节激光功率和扫描速度能在安全去除大部分Q355B钢表面污染物的同时提升材料表面的显微硬度，从而达到理想高效的激光清洗效果。

关键词： 超高功率激光; 激光清洗; 锈蚀层; 表面硬度; Q355B钢

本文引用格式

李昌奇, 刘列, 韩良华 . 超高功率连续激光清洗工艺参数对Q355B钢清洗质量的影响[J]. 材料保护, 2024 , 57(6) : 165 -174 . DOI: 10.16577/j.issn.1001-1560.2024.0140

Abstract

To investigate the effects of ultra-high power continuous laser cleaning on Q355B steel, an ultra-high power fiber laser was used to clean contaminants such as rust from the surface of Q355B steel. The influence of laser scanning speed and power on the cleaning quality was studied under ultra-high power conditions, and the cleaning efficiency was calculated. Results showed that significant damage was caused to the substrate by the laser when the cleaning speed was below 110 mm/s, and there was still some rust on the surface of the substrate when the speed was above 140 mm/s. At speeds of 120～130 mm/s, the substrate was not damaged, and the rust layer was effectively removed. When the speed was kept constant at 120 mm/s, rust was not completely removed at power levels below 7 500 W, and substrate damage occurred at power levels above 8 500 W. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to analyze the microstructure of the steel surface before and after cleaning. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) were used to characterize the surface of the workpiece. As the scanning speed increased from 100 mm/s to 150 mm/s and the power increased from 7 000 W to 9 000 W, the iron content on the steel surface after cleaning showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the oxygen content first decreased and then increased. When the laser power was 8 000 W and the scanning speed was 120 mm/s, the mass fraction of iron on the surface of the cleaned workpiece reached its peak, about 79.25%, and the mass fraction of oxygen reached its valley, about 20.75%. The calculation showed that the highest laser cleaning efficiency could reach 43.2 m²/h. By adjusting the laser power and scanning speed, it was possible to safely and effectively remove surface pollutants from Q355B steel while improving the microhardness of the material surface, thereby achieving ideal and efficient laser cleaning effects.

Key words： ultra-high power laser; laser cleaning; rust layer; surface hardness; Q355B steel

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