In recent years， achieving “near zero emissions” of high salt drilling and production wastewater in oil and gas fields has become the primary approach for its treatment， aiming to protect the environment while enabling resource recovery and reuse.Evaporation and concentration， as a common method for brine separation， may cause scaling on heat transfer surfaces during the evaporation process， due to the presence of various impurity salts in the wastewater.Hence， how to effectively prevent scaling and improve evaporation efficiency has become a research focus in the industry.Herein， this paper reviewed the technological advancements in calcium and magnesium scaling prevention at home and abroad from three perspectives: physical processes， coating materials and chemical antiscaling methods.The underlying mechanisms and current challenges were summarized and analyzed.Furthermore， the development direction of scale inhibition technology was prospected， and research ideas for efficient scale inhibition in the future were provided.